Project status/ results
TargetAMD 1.0
The TargetAMD 1.0 project got funding from the European Union from November 1, 2012 to April 30, 2018. To continue therapy development, the private foundation Provisu agreed to financially support the project in two phases; the pre-clinical phase was thought to collect pre-clinical data required to get the approval for the clinical study necessary to start the phase Ib/IIa of the clinical study. Phase I lasted from March 1, 2020 to April 30, 2023, while phase II will start as soon as we will get the approval to perform the clinical trial, which is assumed for fall 2023.
The approach suggests to genetically modify patient-derived iris cells (iris pigment epithelial, IPE, cells) with the gene coding for the factor PEDF (pigment epithelium-derived factor) that is inhibiting abnormal vessel growth in the eye. The cells will be transplanted between the RPE cells and the retina of the patients. RPE, retinal pigment epithelial cells, are supportive cells located below the retina and in direct contact with the outer cells of the retina, the visual cells. Within 60 min, cells will be collected, genetically modified and transplanted to the same patient. For the genetic modification, we are using safe, non-viral, free-of-antigiotic-resistance-gene (pFAR4) SB100X gene transport vectors.
The main objectives of the project are the:
1) improvement of safety of the approach and its evaluation,
2) establishment of the treatment,
3) determination of the beneficial effect in experimental models of vessel growth in the eye,
4) production of reagents compliant to required hygiene measures,
5) compilation of experimental data in an application dossier to the Swiss regulatory authority for approval of a phase Ib/IIa clinical trial and its completion,
6) publication of results to the scientific community and the public, and
7) exploitation of newly developed products.
Most goals were already reached in the first project phase: Drug production requires special hygiene measures (“Good Manufacturing Practice”, GMP) and the TargetAMD consortium accomplished the first GMP-compliant production of SB100X-pFAR4 vectors for non-viral gene therapy. The consortium increased the safety of the SB100X system by combining it with the pFAR4-miniplasmids, GMP-certified produced and controlled. Special equipment, the CliniporatorTM and associated microcuvettes, and reagents have been developed, the production procedure has been continuously improved and release criteria and quality controls have been defined for the cell product, i.e., 5–10*103 freshly isolated, genetically modified (PEDF-transfected) IPE cells, to be used in human. The effect and safety of the treatment were confirmed in 3 different experimental models. Necessary documents for a GMP-compliant production and performance of a clinical trial are in place. The TargetAMD consortium raised awareness for the project by utilising all available media from a website (www.targetamd.eu) to information events for the public and 8 published peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals, 6 of which are gold Open Access, accessible at no costs. The planned phase Ib/IIa clinical trial will be the first study worldwide testing the safety of the combined non-viral SB100X-pFAR4-miniplasmids in human beings, for which the cantonal ethical commission of Geneva already gave its approval. Implementation in ophthalmologic clinics is facilitated since a dedicated training and the TargetAMD kit are sufficient for its performance, opening the door for the TargetAMD treatment to become a routine therapy.
Devices and reagents developed in TargetAMD 1.0
To be able to evaluate positively our clinical trial application, Swissmedic requested additional efficiency and toxicity data. In the last three years we demonstrated stable expression of the therapeutic protein PEDF for 18 months in human IPE cells. A risk for cancer development has been excluded as was the toxicity of the transplanted cells. We are now in the process of data analysis and dossier preparation for the resubmission to Swissmedic.